Regenerative coke oven



Feb. 24, 1942. c. OTTO REGENERATIVE COKE OVEN 1 Filed Jan. 20, 1940 2 Sheets-Sheet l Origina ENTOR 64/?4 0770 l ATTORNEY Y B 2 n M W fl Patented Feb. 24, 1942 r orrlc'a REGENERATIVE COKE OVEN Carl Otto, New York, N.'Y., assignor to Fuel. Refining Corporation, Dover, DeL, a corpora tion of Delaware.

Original application January v20, 1940, Serial No.

314,760. Divided and thisapplication Decemher 9, 1940, Serial No. 369,205 r 3' Claims.

The present invention relatesto underfired' re-.

generative coke oven batteries comprising regeneratorsextending transversely of the battery and arranged: for side by side reversal, so that some of the regenerators are on and oii regenerators,

when respectivelyadjacent regenerators are off i and. on regenerators.

Thepresentapplication is a division of my prior application Serial No. 314,760; filed January 20, I940, and the general object of the invention claimed herein is to provide improvements in coke oven batteries which are of the above mentioned kind, and which are like those disclosed in Patent 2,216,983, granted October ,8, 1940,:on my'prior application Ser. No. 212,084, filed June 6', 1938', in that they comprise metallic plate leakage barriers incorporated in regenerator division walls; The specific object of the present invention-is-to provide improvements in the form and disposition of the metallic leakag barriers incorporated in regenerator division walls.

The various features of novelty which characpair of walls D and d is a regenerator E or e, extending from one side of the batteryto the other. The-different regenerators E and e are similar in construction, but the regenerators, E are used only for preheating combustion air, while the regenerators e are used to preheat either lean fuel gasor air, accordingly as the oven is heated by the combustion of lean gas which requires preheating, or by the combustion Of lich gas which does not require preheating. There are a pair of regenerators. E, or a pair of regenerators e, be-

terizemy present invention are pointed out with particularity in the claims-annexed to and forming a part of this specification. For a better understanding'o'f" the invention, however, its advantages and specific object attained with its use; referenceshoul'd be had to the accompanying drawings and descriptive matter in which I have illustrated and described the preferred embodiments'oi the invention.

Of the drawings:

Fig. 1'- is a partial'longitudinal section of a coke on the brodeck A is supported. by beams CA which, in the construction shown, run longitudinally of the battery;

The cokeov'en story, or section, and an upper story, or section. In the lower section, regenerator division walls D and-d alternate along the length of the battery, each extending from one side of the batbrickwork B comprises a lower tween each two adjacent walls D, the pairs of regenerators E-alternating with pairs of regenerators e along the length of the battery.

The upper story or section of the coke oven brickwork mass 13,. is shown as of well known type comprisinghorizontally elongated coking chambers F, alternating with heating walls G, each of the chambers and walls extending from one side of the battery to theother. The heating walls G are formed with verticalflues g and g which, as shown in my prior application Serial No. 314,760, alternate with one another in a row extending from one side of the battery to the other, with each flue g and an adjacent flue 9' connected at their upper ends and collectively forming a so-called hairpin flue. Each heating wallG is directly above a corresponding regenerator division wall D, which may therefore be aptly called a pillar wall, and beneath each coking chamber F is a wall d, Which may be called an intermediate regenerator division wall.

Beneath each of the regenerator chambers E and e is a corresponding sole channel E" or e, V respectively, through which the waste heating gases which flow down through the regenerator, when the latter is serving as an elf regenera tor, may pass to one or both sides of the battery, and thence through the usual reversing valves to the waste heat flue system. The reversing valves and waste heat flue system formno part of the present invention and may be of the usual type, and hence need not be illustrated or further described. Each of the regenerators it and e is connected at its upper edge by channels E or. e in the brickwork to the lower end of one limb; g or Q, of each of the hairpin flues in each ofthe two heating walls G directly above the two immediately adjacent pillar walls D between which the regenerator is located, and each hairpin flue limb is connected by one channel 6 to the regenerator E at one side of the subjac'ent pillar wall D, and is connected to the regenerator e at the other side of said pillar wall by a second tery to theother, and between each adjacent channel e Each of the regenerators E and e receives the combustible agent, air or lean fuel gas, which it preheats, through a corresponding one of distribution pipes H and h, respectively. Each of said pipes is imbedded in the concrete layer A, and is formed with a multiplicity of upper outlets distributed along it length. The fiow through each of said outlets is regulated by the size of the measuring orifice or nozzle passage in a nozzle member H threaded into, or otherwise replaceably mounted in, the outlet opening. Each nozzle H discharges into a corresponding uprising passage A formed in the layer A, and communicating at its upper end with the lower end of a corresponding brickwork channel E or e formed in the adjacent pillar wall D. Each of the channels E and e opens laterally at its upper end into the corresponding regenerator E or e, containing checker bricks I above th grid like refractory material parts E which separate the regenerator proper from its sole channel E or e".

In heating the battery by the combustion of rich fuel gas, the latter is distributed by pipes HA imbedded in the concrete layer A. Each pipe HA may be and is shown as similar in construction and arrangement to the pipes H and h, but ordinarily and as shown, each pipe HA may be somewhat smaller in diameter than the pipes H and h, and in the arrangement shown, each of i the pipes HA has twice as many outlet openings, with nozzle members H removably mounted therein, as does each of the pipes H and it. Each pipe HA is located beneath a corresponding intermediate regenerator division wall cl, and has its alternate outlet openings connected to one limb g or g of each hairpin flue in One adjacent heating wall by a set of brickwork channels J, and has its other outlet openings connected by a second set of brickwork channels JA to the limbs g or g of the different hairpin flues in the other adjacent heating wall. The lower portions of thechannels J 'and JA associated with each pipe HA are vertical and centrally disposed in the corresponding division wall d, but upper portions of the channels J curve away from that wall toward one, and the upper portions of the channels JA curve away from that wall toward the other of the two adjacent heating walls.

As shown, each of the pipes H, h and HA, is formed with an opening in its bottom wall each normally closed by a screw plug or other removable closure H and each located beneath a corresponding outlet opening and adapted when its closure H is removed, to permit of the replacement of the nozzle member H in the outlet opening above it. 'The concrete layer A is formed with openings A extending from the underside of the layer A, through which a workman in the basement space may replace the corresponding closure part H and nozzle part H. In respect to the form of the distribution pipes, and their disposition in the concrete layer A, the construction illustrated herein is like that disclosed and claimed in my prior application Ser. No. 298,526, filed October 9, 1939. Furthermore, in respect to the features of its construction and arrangement already described, the coke oven brickwork B does not differ from that disclosed in my previously mentioned Patent No. 2,216,983. In said patent, moreover, the combustible agents are distributed by distribution pipes corresponding generally to the above mentioned pipes H, h, and HA.

In any regenerative coke oven comprising transverse regenerators arranged for side by side reversal, there are necessarily on regenerators each separated by a single regenerator division wall from an ofi regenerator. The diiference between the pressures at the opposite sides of such a division wall, causes leakage through open joints or cracks in that wall from the on regenerator to the ofi regenerator. Such leakage from an on regenerator in which lean gas is being preheated, into an off regenerator is seriously objectionable when substantial in amount, as the lean gas leaking into the off regenerator will unite in combustion with unburned oxygen invariably contained in the waste heating gases.

Other things being equal, regenerator division walls including richfuel gas supply channels have a greater leakage tendency and capacity, than regenerator division walls not including such channels, and leakage of rich fuel gas from supply channels in a wall, into an off regenerator alongside that Wall is highly objectionable. However, as explained in said prior patent, risk of objectionable leakage through the walls including the rich gas supply channels J and JA may be avoided by arranging those channels, as shown herein, in the walls (1, each of which separates regenerators which are both on regenerators during the reversal periods in which rich fuel gas is being passed from the supply channels.

In said patent, I also disclose how significant leakage through regenerator division walls may be prevented by incorporating vertically disposed leakage barrier plates of heat resistant metal in the lower portions of the walls which are subjected to lower temperatures and to higher leakage inducing pressure differentials than the upper portions of the walls. In the construction herein illustrated, I have improved upon the constructions shown and described in my prior Patent No. 2,216,983, in respect to the form and disposition of the leakage barrier metal plates incorporated in the regenerator division walls.

In the preferred construction shown in Figs. 1 and 2, use is made of metallic barrier plates K, each of which is horizontally elongated, and has a vertical dimension corresponding to that of an individual masonry layer or course of the wall in which the plate is incorporated, and the plates associated with adjacent courses are laterally displaced in opposite directions from the central plane of the wall.

In the construction shown by Figs. 1 and 2, the body portion of each pillar wall D, i. e., the portion above the level of the bottoms of the stacks of checkerbricks, is formed by refractory blocks or silica shapes, L, LA and LB. The parts L are oblong parts extending longitudinally of the wall, and each of a horizontal width approximately equal to one quarter of the wall thickness. The parts LA are also oblong, but are shorter than, and twice as thick, as the parts L, and each has one half at one side and its other half at the other side of the longitudinal central plane of the wall. The parts LB alternate with the parts LA along the length of the wall. Each part LB comprises an oblong body portion of the same lateral thickness as, but longer than, a part LA, and an integral projection LB from one side of the body portion, which extends to the corresponding side of the wall D, and terminates at each end short of the corresponding end of the body portion.

In the body portion of the wall D, the portion of each brickwork course adjacent one side of the wall, is formed wholly of parts L. The remaining portion of the course comprises parts'LA alternating with the body portions of the parts LB, and parts L alternating with the portions LB of the part LB. The metal plate or plates K associated with the masonry coursesare disposed in the joint between the inner. sides of the row slightly greater than that of the masonry course in which the major portion of the plate is incor-- porated and the upper and lower edges of the plate extend into grooves, which the corresponding refractory parts are shaped to provide in the upper and lower sides of the adjacent lower and upper courses.

Preferably, and as shown, the refractory shapes L, LA and LB and plates K in adjacent courses are reversely arranged so as to break joints, and so that the plates K in one of each two adjacent masonry. courses will be at one side, and the plates K in the other masonry course will be at the other side of the central plane of the wall. Advantageously, also, each of the refractory parts LA and LB is formed with a rib L at its underside, and with a groove L at its upper side, each extending longitudinally of the wall along its central portion, so that the adjacent courses are in inter-locking tongue and groove relation.

The body portions of the walls (1 and D are generally alike, except that the central block LC used'in the wall (1 differ in form and dimension from the blocks LA similarly located in the walls D. Each block LC has a vertical dimension which is twice that of the other blocks, and is Advantageously, and as shown as having its horizontal dimension in the longitudinal direction of the heating walls somewhat smaller than the corresponding dimension of the blocks LA. Furthermore, each block LC is formed with a central vertical passage and the passages in a superposed row of blocks LC form the vertical portion of a corresponding rich fuel gas supply channel J or JA. The blocks LC break joints in a vertical direction with respect to the blocks or parts L and LD, associated therewith to form the body portion of each wall d. The block LD differ in shape from the blocks LB only in being slightly longer to compensate for the decrease in the corresponding dimension of the blocks LC.

The portion of each Wall D below the level of the tops of the regenerator sole channels E. and e, differs from the body portion of the wall, in being thicker, particularly in the course immediately below said level, but may be formed of blocks or parts exactly like those in the body portion of the wall except as their dimensions differ in correspondence with the difference in Wall thickness. The portion of each wall D below the level of the tops of the sole channels, is also thicker than the body portion of that wall, and differs otherwise from the body portion of the wall D, as hereinafter explained.

The portion of each wall 01 formed by the masonry course-immediately above the level of the tops of the sole channels forms a wall portion thicker than the superposed body portion of the wall and is characterized by the fact that the course comprises an end toend row of oblong clay blocks or bricks LE at each side of the wall, which are spaced away from one another by suittably shaped parts LF and LG, which, like the blocks L, LA, LB, LC and LD are formed of silica. The same course portion of each wall D, comprises a portion at each side'of the wall formed by an end to end row of clay brick parts LH which differ from the parts LE1 only in that alternate blocks Ll-I are formed each with a notch LH which constitute parts of a corresponding channel E or e Aside from the blocks LH, the walls D are composed of silica bricks or shapes.

Each row of bricks LE forms one supporting ledge, and the adjacent row of bricks LH forms the other supporting ledge for the stacks of checkerbrick 'I in the corresponding regenerator.

The checkerbricks are formed of clay which isnot subject to the objectionable spalling which occurs when silica bricks are subjected to the wide temperature fluctuations to which the checkerbricks'and the bricks LE and LEE-I are subjected by their contact with downflowing waste gases and upflowing air or lean gas to be preheated during alternating reversal periods. Furthermore, with the clay bricks LE and LH incorporated in silica brick walls as described, the great thermal expansion of the silica bricks relative to that of clay bricks, will not disturb the general arrangement of the stacks of checkerbrick, distributed longitudinally of each regenerator, and hence will have no tendency to open up the large gaps between portions of the checkerbrick work displaced longitudinally of the regenerator, which would exist if the checkerbricks were supported on ledges formed by silica bricks. This is especially important when the regenerator checkerbricks are shaped and disposed as previously described to divide each regenerator into a row of regenerator cells communicating individually with the different adjacent combustion flues.

In the construction shown in Figs. 1 and 3, the portion of each wall D, belowthe level of the bottoms of the checkerbrick masses, includes a single central leakage barrier M, which may be formed by a single strip of sheet metal, or preferably by a series of overlapping sections of sheet metal. Between each row of bricks LH and the corresponding barrier M is a row of blocks LI, alternate blocks LI being formed with notches LI, which, in conjunction with the adjacent notches LII, form portions of the coresponding channels E or e The wall portion at each side of a barrier M and below the course including the parts LH and LI, comprises vertical stacks of apertured bricks or blocks LK, and alternating stacks of brick parts LL and LM, which are rectangular in horizontal cross section. Each stack of blocks LK forms the wall of a vertical portion nected by a tie wire or rod 0 to a part0 at the opposite side of the barrier M. Each tie rod or wire 0' passes through an opening in the barrier M to which it may or may not be Welded.

The described anchor connections give a certain stability insurance, ordinarily not needed, against separation movements of the portions of a wall E at opposite sides of the central longitudinally extending metal barrier plate M.

The use of the features of the invention previously described, does not depend upon the character of the beams supporting the concrete layer A, except that it is practically desirable to have those beams extend longitudinally of the battery, so that they may provide adequate support for the deck A, which, because of the pipes H, h and HA embedded therein, ofiers less resistance to shearing stresses along vertical planes extending longitudinally of the battery.

Heretofore, it has not been practically feasible to support the roof of the subway space on beams extending longitudinally of the battery, because it would require an undesirable lowering of the transverse fuel gas distribution pipes, which heretofore have been located in the basement space. With the distribution pipes embedded in the concrete layer A, however, it becomes entirely feasible and advantageous to support that layer on beams extending longitudinally of the battery.

With the deck layer A of a thickness only fractional'ly greater than the diameter of the pipes H and H, the incorporation of those pipes and the distribution pipes HA in the concrete layer A, subjects the latter to a cooling action which desirably lowers the average temperature of the deck member, and makes its thermal ex pansion so small as to be relatively unimportant. Where it is thought desirable, however, to be prepared to accommodate some small expansion longitudinally of the battery of the deck A, relative to its supporting beams, the special construction shown in Fig. '7, may be employed.

Certain novel features of construction and arrangement disclosed, but not claimed herein, are disclosed and claimed in my said prior application Ser. No. 314,760 of which the present application is a division.

As those skilled in the art will understand, the apparatus illustrated and described is well adapted to the attainment of the hereinbefore stated objects of the invention, and has numerous practically important characteristics and advantages. While in accordance with the provisions of the statutes, I have illustrated and described the best forms of embodiment of my invention now known to me, those skilled in the art will recognize that changes may be made in the form of the apparatus disclosed without departing from the spirit of my invention as set forth in the appended claims, and will understand also that some features of my invention may sometimes be used with advantage without a corresponding use of other features.

Having now described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

I. In a regenerative coke oven battery having a pair of side by side horizontally elongated regenerator chambers in which the gas pressures may be different, a regenerator division wall between and separating said chambers, and comprising molded ceramic block parts arranged in superposed courses with the parts in each course arranged at opposite sides of a vertical joint extending longitudinally of said wall and laterally displaced from the coresponding joint in each adjacent course at a different level, and a metallic plate leakage barrier in each such joint.

2. In a regenerative coke oven battery including a side by side pair of horizontally elongated regenerator chambers, a regenerator division wall between and separating said chambers and comprising molded ceramic block parts arranged in superposed courses extending longitudinally of the battery and each formed with a vertical joint extending longitudinally of the wall and displaced laterally from the central vertical plane of the wall the said joints in adjacent courses at different levels, being displaced in opposite directions from said central plane, and metal plates in said joints forming barriers to leakage flow through the wall from one regenerator chamber to the other.

3. In a regenerative coke oven battery having a pair of side by side horizontally elongated regenerator chambers in which the gas pressures may be different, a regenerator division wall between and separating said chambers, and comprising molded ceramic block parts arranged in side by side sections at opposite sides of a vertical joint extending longitudinally of said wall, each such section including superposed horizontal courses of said blocks, some of the blocks in each section being formed with recesses displaced laterally from said joint, a metal plate leakage barrier in said joint, and metallic wall anchoring parts at each side of said barrier received in the corresponding recesses and connected through said barrier to anchoring parts received in recesses at the other side of said barrier.

CARL OTTO 

